CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26 PDF Download (Basic & Applied)

CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has officially released the Class 12 Mathematics syllabus for the 2025-26 academic session on its portal, www.cbseacademic.nic.in. Mastering this syllabus is essential for students, as the final board examination question papers are strictly aligned with these topics. We have provided the downloadable PDF of the syllabus below to streamline your study process. By starting your preparation early and adhering to the curriculum, you can ensure comprehensive revision and minimize pre-exam stress. Review the full CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26 now to begin your journey toward academic excellence.

Maths Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 [Basic Maths]

The Class 12 Maths syllabus for 2025-26 provides a detailed breakdown of the chapter-wise marks distribution. Understanding this weighting is key to creating an efficient, result-oriented study plan. By identifying high-weightage topics, students can prioritize their learning and optimize their preparation time effectively. A clear grasp of the exam structure not only aids in strategic planning but also boosts overall confidence. Use this official syllabus to set your study goals, track your progress, and excel in your Class 12 Maths board examinations.

CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26
S.No.	Units	No. of Periods	Marks
I.	Relations and Functions	30	08
II.	Algebra	50	10
III.	Calculus	80	35
IV.	Vectors and Three - Dimensional Geometry	30	14
V.	Linear Programming	20	05
VI	Probability	30	08
Total		240	80
Internal Assessment			20
Total Marks			100

CBSE 12th Basic Maths Syllabus 2025-26 (Chapter-Wise)

In this section, we have outlined the chapter-wise CBSE 12th Basic Maths Syllabus 2025-26. The curriculum comprises 8 units and 13 core chapters that form the foundation for board exam questions. While every chapter is essential, students should prioritize topics with higher marks to maximize their scoring potential. Explore this page to fully understand the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 for Mathematics and kickstart your exam preparation today.

Unit I: Relations and Functions

Chapter 1: Relations and Functions

1. Relations and Functions: Types of relations, reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One-to-one and onto functions.

Chapter 2: Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1. Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Definition, range, domain, principal value branch. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions

Unit II: Algebra

Chapter 3: Matrices

1. Matrices: Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries).

Chapter 4: Determinants

1. Determinants: Determinants of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.

Unit III: Calculus

 Chapter 5: Continuity and Differentiability

1. Continuity and Differentiability: Continuity and Differentiability, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, 𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒 sin−1 𝑥 , cos−1 𝑥 and tan−1 𝑥, derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives.

Chapter 6: Applications of Derivatives

1. Applications of derivatives: rate of change of bodies, increasing/decreasing functions, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real life situations).

Chapter 7: Integrals

1. Integrals: Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them.

             ∫ dx x² ± a², ∫ dx √x² ± a², ∫ dx √a² − x², ∫ dx ax²+ bx + c , ∫ dx √ax²+bx+c

             ∫ px + q ax² + bx + c dx, ∫ px + q √ax²+bx + c dx, ∫ √a² ± x² dx, ∫ √x² − a² 

             ∫√ax² + bx + c dx, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.

Chapter 8: Applications of the Integrals

1. Applications of the Integrals: Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/ parabolas/ellipses(in standard form only)

Chapter 9: Differential Equations

1. Differential Equations Definition: order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type:

            dy/dx + py = q, where p and q are functions of x or constants. 

            dx/dy + px = q, where p and q are functions of y or constants.

Unit IV: Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

Chapter 10: Vectors

1. Vectors: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors.

Chapter 11: Three-dimensional Geometry

1. Three-dimensional Geometry: Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Angle between two lines.

Unit V: Linear Programming

Chapter 12: Linear Programming

1. Linear Programming: Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded or unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).

Unit-VI: Probability

Chapter 13: Probability

1. Probability: Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution, mean of random variable.

CBSE Class 12 Basic Maths Syllabus 2025-26 for Internal Assessment

The CBSE Class 12 Basic Maths Internal Assessment is worth 20 marks, divided into Periodic Tests (10 marks) and Mathematics Activities (10 marks). Periodic Tests feature a blend of VSA, SA, and LA questions to evaluate conceptual clarity, analytical skills, and application. For Mathematics Activities, students are encouraged to utilize the NCERT Lab Manual for their practical assessments.

CBSE Class 12 Basic Maths Syllabus 2025-26 for Internal Assessment
Internal Assessment	20 Marks
Periodic Tests ( Best 2 out of 3 tests conducted): Periodic Test is a Pen and Paper assessment.	10 Marks
Mathematics Activities: For activities NCERT Lab Manual may be referred.	10 Marks

CBSE Maths Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 [Applied Maths]

The CBSE Class 12 Applied Maths Syllabus 2025-26 encompasses 8 comprehensive units. Applied Mathematics was introduced as an optional subject to bridge the gap between theoretical math and practical applications in fields such as physics, biology, and economics. Refer to the tables below for the complete unit-wise syllabus and marks distribution.

CBSE Maths Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 [Applied Maths]
S. No.	Units	Marks
I.	Numbers, Quantification and Numerical Applications	11
II.	Algebra	10
III.	Calculus	15
IV.	Probability Distributions	10
V.	Inferential Statistics	05
VI.	Index Numbers and Time-based data	06
VII.	Financial Mathematics	15
VIII.	Linear Programming	08
Total		80
Internal Assessment		20
Total Marks		100

CBSE 12th Applied Maths Syllabus 2025-26 (Chapter-wise) 

It is crucial not to confuse the Applied Maths syllabus with Basic Maths, as they differ significantly in content and focus. The Applied Maths curriculum emphasizes practical, real-world utility and is specifically curated for students from diverse academic backgrounds. Explore this guide for a detailed look at the chapter-wise requirements for the Class 12 Applied Maths exams.

Unit I: Numbers, Quantification and Numerical Applications 

1. Modulo Arithmetic
2. Congruence Modulo
3. Alligation and Mixture
4. Numerical Problems: Solve real life problems mathematically
5. Numerical Inequalities

Unit II: Algebra

1. Matrices and types of matrices
2. Equality of matrices, Transpose of a matrix, Symmetric and Skew symmetric matrix
3. Algebra of Matrices
4. Determinants
5. Inverse of a matrix
6. Solving system of simultaneous equations using matrix method, Cramer’s rule

Unit III: Calculus

1. Higher Order Derivatives
2. Application of Derivatives
3. Marginal Cost and Marginal Revenue using derivatives
4. Increasing /Decreasing Functions
5. Maxima and Minima
6. Integration
7. Indefinite Integrals as family of curves
8. Definite Integrals as area under the curve
9. Application of Integration
10. Differential Equations
11. Formulating and Solving Differential Equations
12. Application of Differential Equations

Unit IV: Probability Distributions 

1. Probability Distribution
2. Mathematical Expectation
3. Variance
4. Binomial Distribution
5. Poison Distribution
6. Normal Distribution

Unit V: Inferential Statistics

1. Population and Sample
2. Parameter and Statistics and Statistical Interferences
3. t-Test (one sample t-test and two independent groups t-test)

Unit VI: Index Numbers and Time-based data

1. Time Series
2. Components of Time Series
3. Time Series analysis for univariate data
4. Secular Trend
5. Methods of Measuring trend

Unit VII: Financial Mathematics

1. Perpetuity, Sinking Funds
2. Calculation of EMI
3. Calculation of Returns, Nominal Rate of Return
4. Compound Annual Growth Rate
5. Linear method of Depreciation

Unit VIII: Linear Programming

1. Introduction and related terminology
2. Mathematical formulation of Linear Programming Problem
3. Different types of Linear Programming Problems
4. Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables
5. Feasible and Infeasible Regions
6. Feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solution

CBSE Class 12 Applied Maths Syllabus 2025-26 for Internal Assessment 

Please refer to the table below for the internal assessment structure of the Applied Maths syllabus. With 20 marks allocated for internal evaluations, consistent performance in periodic tests and practical school activities is vital to securing a high overall grade in your Class 12 exams.

CBSE Class 12 Applied Maths Syllabus 2025-26 for Internal Assessment
Sl. No	Area and Weightage	Assessment Area	Marks allocated
1.	Project work (10 marks)	Project work and record	5
		Year-end Presentation/ Viva of the Project	5
2.	Practical work (10 marks)	Performance of practical and record	5
		Year-end test of any one practical	5
Total Marks			20

Special Tips for CBSE Class 12th Students

1. Planning: Make a daily study plan based on the Maths syllabus and follow that plan religiously. Many students failed to follow their study plan, failing of plan depends upon a lack of discipline. Discipline is hard to inculcate in life but it is not impossible.
2. Practice: Go through the concepts and then solve problems based on those concepts, it will help students to understand concepts in-depth.
3. Take Baby Steps: If you can’t achieve daily targets, then make short targets. Achieving targets will give you internal satisfaction, gradually increase your targets.
4. Revision: Keep track of topics daily that have been completed. Revise them in short intervals of time, by revision you can retain them for a longer period.
5. Study with a Group: Studying with classmates encourages an interactive environment to keep you engaged. This gives you a chance to test your knowledge with others. It will boost your confidence if you take part actively and make others understand the concepts if they are stuck anywhere.