Solve for Pressure (P), Volume (V), Amount of Gas (n), or Temperature (T) with complete multi-unit conversions, constant substitutions, and step-by-step mathematical logic.
With the gas constant R = 0.082057338 L·atm/(mol·K) = 8.31446 J/(mol·K), pressure in atmospheres, volume in liters, amount of gas in moles, and absolute temperature in Kelvin. Rearranged, it solves any one variable from the other three: P = nRT/V, V = nRT/P, n = PV/(RT), and T = PV/(nR).
The ideal gas law combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Avogadro's laws into a single equation of state for an ideal gas whose particles have no volume and no intermolecular forces. Real gases follow it closely at low pressure and high temperature, which is why it remains the workhorse equation of general chemistry.
Take 1 mol of gas at 273.15 K occupying 22.4 L: P = (1 × 0.082057338 × 273.15) / 22.4 ≈ 1.00 atm — the defining pressure at standard temperature and pressure (STP). These are exactly the calculator's default inputs, so pressing Calculate reproduces the result along with the full substitution.
From gas moles to solution concentration: compute molarity, solute mass, and dilutions with M₁V₁ = M₂V₂.
Balance reaction equations to find the mole ratios that feed into gas-law and stoichiometry problems.
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