UP PGT Science Syllabus 2026 & Exam Pattern: Download PDF

Aspirants preparing for the UP PGT Science examination should thoroughly review every topic within the syllabus and maintain a consistent practice routine. Familiarity with the PGT exam syllabus enables you to pinpoint vital topics, understand question formats, evaluate total marks, and master the marking scheme.

UP PGT Science Syllabus 2026

The syllabus serves as a cornerstone for any competitive examination, providing candidates with a clear, structured, and comprehensive overview of the core knowledge required to succeed. The UP PGT Science Syllabus comprehensively covers the core disciplines of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. 

UP PGT Physics Syllabus 2026

Mechanics

• Vector algebra, product of vectors and scalars, vector identities, background of vector calculus, concept of line, surface and volume integrals, physical significance of gradient, divergence and curl, Gauss and Stokes theorems
• Centre of mass, rotating frame of reference, Coriolis force, motion of rigid body, moment of inertia, theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes, moment of inertia of sphere, ring, cylinder and disc, angular momentum, torque, central force, Kepler's laws, motion of satellite (including geostationary satellite), Galilean transformation equations, variation of mass and length with velocity, time- dilation, addition of velocities and mass-energy equivalence relation
• Streamlined and turbulent flow, Reynolds number, Stokes' law, Poiseuille's formula, flow of liquid in capillary tube, Bernoulli's theorem and applications, surface tension
• Relation between stress and strain, Hooke's law, elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio, elastic energy
• Physical world and measurement, kinematics, laws of motion, work, energy and power, gravitation

Thermal Physics 

• Concept of heat and zeroth law, first law of thermodynamics and internal energy, isothermal and adiabatic processes. Second law of thermodynamics, entropy, Carnot cycle and Carnot engine, Maxwell's thermodynamic relations, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, porous plug experiment and Joule-Thomson effect
• Behavior of ideal gas and kinetic theory of gases, Maxwell's law of kinetic distribution. Calculation of average velocity, root mean square velocity and most probable velocity. Degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy, specific heat of gases, mean free path, transport phenomena.
• Black body radiation, Stefan's law and Newton's law of cooling, Wien's law, Rayleigh-Jeans law, Planck's law, solar constant, production of low temperature by adiabatic demagnetization

Waves and Oscillations

• Oscillations, simple harmonic motion, progressive and stationary waves, damped harmonic motion, forced oscillations and resonance, sharpness of resonance, wave motion, plane and spherical waves, superposition of waves, Fourier analysis of periodic waves - square and triangular waves, phase velocity and group velocity, beats

Optics 

• Cardinal points of coaxial system, simple questions based on combination of thin lenses, eyepieces - Ramsden and Huygens
• Huygens' principle, conditions for sustained interference, Young's double slit experiment
• Division of amplitude and wavefront, Fresnel's biprism, Newton's rings, Michelson's interferometer
• Diffraction by straight edge, single, double, multiple slits, Rayleigh criterion, resolving power of grating and optical instruments
• Polarization, production and detection of polarized light (linear, circular and elliptical), Brewster's law, Huygens' law of double refraction, optical rotation, polarimeter
• Lasers - temporal and spatial coherence, spontaneous and stimulated emission, general concept of laser emission, Ruby and Helium-Neon lasers

Electricity and Magnetism

• Gauss's law and applications, electric potential, capacitors and capacitance, Kirchhoff's laws and applications, Wheatstone bridge, Biot Savart law and its applications, Ampere's circuital law and applications, magnetic induction and field intensity, magnetic field on the axis of a circular coil, electromagnetic induction, Faraday's and Lenz's laws, self and mutual inductance, alternating current, L-C-R circuit, series and parallel resonance circuits, Quality factor (Q-factor), AC bridges, Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic waves, transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Poynting vector, dia- , para-, ferro-, antiferro- and ferrimagnetism (qualitative), hysteresis

Modern Physics

• Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom, electron spin, Pauli's exclusion principle, optical and X-ray spectra, X-ray diffraction, Bragg's law, spatial quantization, Stern-Gerlach experiment, vector atom model, spectral terms, fine structure of spectral lines, j-j and L-S coupling, Zeeman, Raman, photoelectric and Compton effects, de Broglie waves, wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle, concepts of quantum mechanics, Schrödinger wave equation and its applications to (1) particle in a box, (2) motion in a step potential and (3) one-dimensional linear harmonic oscillator, eigenvalues, lattice, specific heat, energy bands, Kronig-Penney model (one dimensional), energy gap, difference between metals, semiconductors and insulators, variation of Fermi level with temperature, effective mass
• Radioactivity, alpha, beta and gamma radiation, elementary theory of alpha decay, nuclear binding energy, semi-empirical mass formula, nuclear fission and fusion, elementary reactor physics, elementary particles, particle accelerators, cyclotron, linear accelerator, elementary concept of superconductivity

UP PGT Chemistry Syllabus 2026

Physical chemistry

• Gaseous state, Molecular velocity of gases, mean free path and collision diameter, liquefaction of gases, Joule-Thomson effect in ideal and nonideal gases, Joule-Thomson coefficient, inversion temperature, Deviation from ideal gas behavior, van der Waals equation of state, Law of corresponding states, critical constants and their relations with-vander waals constants 

Liquid state

• Surface tension, effect of temperature on surface tension, viscosity, effect of temperature and pressure on viscosity

Solid State

• Symmetry in crystal systems, Miller indices, Bragg's Equation, close packing, coordination number, structure of NaCl and CaF2, crystal defects

Thermodynamics

• First law of thermodynamics and its limitations, enthalpies of a system, heat of reaction formation, combustion and neutralization. Hess's law and its application bond energy and resonance energy, heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure, relationship between Cp and Cv, extensive and intensive properties, statement of second law of thermodynamics, Carnot cycle, concept of entropy, variation of entropy with temperature and volume/pressure, concept of free energy: Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies, Gibbs Helmholtz equation, thermodynamic criteria of equilibrium, Clapeyron- clausius equation and its application, Chemical Potential and variation of chemical potential with temperature and pressure, van't hoff equation and Gibbs-Duhem equation

Dilute solution

• Ideal and non-ideal solutions, Raoult's Law, colligative properties (thermodynamic treatment), lowering of vapour pressure, osmotic pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point in solution, abnormal colligative properties, molecular weight determination by colligative properties

Surface phenomena

• Physical and chemical adsorption, Freundlich adsorption isotherm, Langmuir state value, Gold-number, Hardy-Schulze rule stability of collcids, zeta potential 

Chemical Kinetics

Molecularity and order of reaction, rate of reaction Zero first second and third order reactions and their determination effect of temperature on reaction velocity, energy of activation, kinetic molecular theory of reaction rates; catalysis, criteria of catalysis, Theories of catalysis, enzyme catalysis, primary salt effect in ionic reactions

Chemical equilibrium

Law of mass action and its application to homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria, relationship between Kp and Kc. Le Chatelier principle and its application to chemical equilibrium, degree of dissociation and abnormal; molecular weight hydrolysis of salts, Brønsted & Lewis acid and base. pH, buffer solution, solubility and solubility Product of sparingly soluble salts.

Electrochemistry

Electrolytic conductance-equivalent, specific and molecular conductances, variation of conductances with dilution of solutions, Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions, factors affecting the conductances, types of single electrode and their potentials. EMF of the cell, conductometric and potentiometric titrations; Nernst equation. EMF and equilibrium constant, concept of concentration cell with and without transference, liquid junction potential, chemical cells without transference, fuel cells. The electrical double layer, electrokinetic phenomena, quantitative treatment of electroosmosis, electrophoresis and streaming potential

Inorganic: Chemistry

Atomic structure dual nature of particle, Heisenberg's uncertainity principla Schrodinger's wave equation for atomic orbitatals, quantum numbers, shapes of s.p.d. orbitals, Aufbau principle and pauli's expiusion principle, Hunds law, electronic configuration of elements, modern periodic table, periodic properties of the elements and their variation in periodic table, chemical bond- lonic bond, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle, salvalion energy, Covalent bond (Fajan's rule) Bond order, energy level diagram, of homonuclear and heteronuclear molecules, Hybridisation and shapes of inorganic molecules and ions, valence shell electron pair repulsion theory and its application, stability of nucleus, mass defect and nuclear binding energy, radioactivity, nuclear reactions-fusion and fission, carbon dating

S Block elements

Chemistry of lithium and beryllium, abnormal behavior and diagonal relationship. Polyether complexes of alkali and alkaline earth metals

P Block elements

Chemical reactivity of elements in group, inert pair effect, structure of their hydrides and halides, oxyacids of N, P, Sand halogens, interhalogens; Inorganic polymers: polyphosphazenes, thiazyl; Boranes and silicates 

D Block elements

General characteristics- variable oxidation state, complex formation, magnetic properties, colour and catalytic properties, coordination compounds-nomenclature, stereo chemistry of metal, complex and Isomerisation, effective atomic number and valence bond theory, crystal fleld theory, crystal field splitting in tetrahedral and Octahedral complexes, crystal field stabilization energy substitution reaction in square planar complexes; electronic spectrum, molecular orbital energy level diagram in tetrahedral and octahedrdal complexes (bond only) energy level diagram for d' and d' states

Organometallic Chemistry 

Definition, nomenclature and classification of organometallic compounds; hapticity and polarity of metal-carbon bond

Bioinorganic Chemistry

Structure and function of myoglobin, hemoglobin, chlorophyll and cyanocobalamine; zinc enzymes, carboxypeptidase and carbonic anhydrase

F-block elements

Electronic structure, lanthanide contraction and its consequences, magnetic and spectral properties and their differences from transition metals, ion exchange and solvent extraction methods of separation of lanthanides; chemistry of actinides; kinetics and mechanism of substitution reaction in octahedral Co(II) and square planar Pt(II) complexes. 

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

 Some Basic Princes Techniques

• Classification of organic compounds
• IUPAC Nomenclature of organic compounds 
• Types of organic reactions
• Mechanism of organic reaction- Homolytic & Hetrolytic fission of covalent Bond, generation and stability of carbocations, carbanions, free Radicals and benzyn
• Electronic Displacements in covalent Bond Inductive effect, electromeric effect, Resonance, hyperconjugation
• Reaction mechanism of the following general reactions
  (i) SN1 and SN2 reactions 
  (ii) E1, E2 and EIcb reaction 
  (iii) electrophilic addition of alkenes 
  (iv) Nucleophilic addition of carbonyl compounds 
  (v) acyl substitution reaction of acid derivatives 
  (vi) electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction 
• Estimation of elements in organic compounds

Isomerism

Structural & stereo Isomerism, (Geometrical & optical Isomerism) Tautomerism conformation 

Hydrocarbon

• General methods of preparation, chemical properties of Alkane, Alkene & Alkynes, Location of double bonds by ozonolysis of Alkene
• Aromatic Hydrocarbon:- Aromaticity of benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds and ions. Mechanism of electrophilic substitution- nitration, sulphonation, Halogenations, Friedel-Crafts Alkylation & Acylation, Directive Influence of groups in mono substituted benzene. Carcinogenicity & (Toxicity chemistry of toluene) 
• Derivatives of Benzene - Preparation, & chemical properties of Phenol, Aniline, Anisole, Benzaldehyde & Benzoic Acid 

Haloalkanes

General Methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, preparation and properties of chloroform and landform, Freon 

Alcohols

Classification, General methods of preparation, Physical & chemical properties, mechanism of dehydration of Alcohol, Denatured spirit, power alcohol, Absolute Alcohol, fermentation of alcohol, properties of Glycerol. 6. 

Aldehyde & Ketones

General Methods of preparation, Physical & chemical properties, nucleophilic addition of aldehydes and ketones with carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur nucleophiles. 7- Ether:- General methods of preparation of ether, physical & chemical Properties of Ether & uses

Ether

General methods of preparation of ether, physical & chemical properties of ether & uses 

Carboxylic acids and their Derivatives

General Methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, Influence of substituent group on acidic nature of carboxylic acid, General methods of preparation & properties of acid, Halide, ester, Amide, & Anhydride

Organic compounds containing Nitrogen

• Amines: classification, general methods of preparation & properties, basicity of aliphatic amines and substituted anilines. Distinction between primary second and tertiary amines
• Nitro Compounds:- General methods of preparation & properties of nitro compounds. Reaction due to alpha-hydrogen of primary and secondary nitroalkanes
• Cyanides & Isocyanides:- General methods of preparation & properties cyanides & isocyanides
• Benzene diazonium chloride: preparation & properties and synthetic uses

Bio Molecules

• Carbohydrates: classification, glucose & Fructose preparation & properties, open and Ring structure of glucose maturation, Annomers
• Proteins: Alpha-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptide, protein, structures of protein primary, secondary & tertiary, structure denaturation of proteins, zwitterionic, Iso electric points
• Lipids and hormones: oil and fats introduction, difference between oil and fats properties
• Steroids- natural and artificial steroid hormones- classification and function
• Vitamins- classification and functions; deficiency diseases of vitamins
• Nucleic acids- nucleotides and nucleosides, difference between DNA and RNA, primary structure of DNA, DNA fingerprinting

Polymers

Classification: natural and synthetic polymers, methods of polymerization (addition & condensation) addition polymers- polythene, teflon PVC buna-s Buna-N condensation polymer-nylon 6, 6 back elite methyl melamine Biodegradable & non Biodegradable polymers

Chemistry in everyday life

A chemical in medicine: analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines, antioxidants b- chemicals in foods; preservatives artificial sweetening agent, c- cleansing agents-difference between soaps & detergents cleansing action of soap

Mechanism of some name reaction

• Williamson's synthesis
• Addition of boranes with alkenes
• Witting reaction
• Perkin reaction
• Aldol addition
• Cannizzaro addition
• Michael addition
• Reimer-Tiemann reaction
• Benzoin condensation
• Diazonium coupling
• Reformatsky reaction

UP PGT Biology Syllabus 2026

Plant Diversity

• Taxonomy of plants
• Study of habit and habitats, Structure and reproduction of the following- 
  (i) Algae 
  (ii) Bryophyta 
  (iii) Pteridophyta
  (iv) Gymnosperm
  (v) Angiosperm with the following families: Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Liliaceae and Solanaceae.

 Angiosperms

• Morphology and Morphological Modifications in root, stem, leaves, etc. Histology, growth, reproduction and development.

 Plant Physiology

• Water Relations-Transpiration, Translocation
• Photosynthesis
• Respiration and metabolism
• Plant Nutrition (Nutrients, Nitrogen fixation)
• Plant growth regulators (Phytohormones)
• Flowering and Stress Physiology of plants
• Plant growth and movements

Microbiology 

• Viruses, Phytoplasma, Archaebacteria, Eubacteria
• Fungi (general characteristics, classification, growth, reproduction and life cycle)
• Lichen
• Economic importance of Micro-organisms
• Biofertilizer

Economic Botany

• Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
• Food Plants
• Forage and Fodder Plants
• Fibre Crops
• Fruit and Vegetable Plants
• Ethnobotany
• Ornamental Plants
• Oil Yielding Plants
• Timber Plants
• Energy Plants
• Miscellaneous uses of Plants

Plant Pathology

• Causes, effects, control and cure of various Plant diseases
• Biological Control of Various Plant weeds, diseases and parasites

Ecology and Environment

• Concept of Ecology and Environment
• Various habitats & ecological niches
• Ecosystem- Structure and function, Ecosystem stability, carrying capacity, Food-chain, Food-web, Energy flow, Ecological Pyramids, Biomes.
• Population and biotic community
• Bio-geo-Chemical Cycles
• Ecological Succession
• Natural Resources and their conservation
• Biodiversity and its conservation (In-situ and Ex-situ)
• Environmental Pollution- Causes and its ill effects. Air, Water and Soil Pollution. Radioactive pollution, Noise Pollution, Ozone depletion, Acid rain, Eutrophication, Biological magnification, Ocean pollution, Ocean acidification, Control and prevention of various environmental Pollutions. Climate change, global warming and greenhouse effect, Environmental management. Renewable energy sources, Food security for increasing human population

Animal Diversity (Zoology)

• Animal Diversity
• Animal Taxonomy with characteristic features

Non-Chordates 

• Classification of Non-chordate phyla
• Morphology. Anatomy, Nutrition, Respiration and reproduction of the following Non-chordates: Amoeba, Sycon, Hydra, Ascaris, Cockroach, Palaemon, Pila and star-fish
• Parasitic protozoa (iv) Parasitic adaptation in Helminthes and extracellular vesicles 
• Economic importance of insects.

 Chordates

• Classification of chordates and various classes of chordates with characters and examples
• Aquatic adaptation in fishes
• Origin and evolution of chordates
• Flying adaptations in birds
• Phylogeny of prototheria, Metatheria and eutheria. 

Anatomy of Frog, Uromastyx, Pigeon and Rabbit

Animal Histology- Study of various tissues

Animal Physiology and Biochemistry

• Nutrition and Digestion
• Respiration and metabolism
• Heart, Circulation of blood & Circulatory system
• Osmoregulation and Excretion. (v) Movement and locomotion
• Nervous co-ordination and integration
• Sense organs
• Chemical co-ordination (Hormones and pheromone).

UP PGT Science Syllabus PDF