National Tree of India: The Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis) Explained

National Tree of India

The national tree of a country serves as a powerful symbol of heritage and national identity. The Indian Banyan, scientifically known as (Ficus benghalensis), is the designated National Tree of India, uniquely recognized for its sprawling branches that root themselves to form new trunks. Deeply revered in Hindu philosophy, the tree's ability to expand indefinitely has made it a symbol of immortality and a cornerstone of the myths and legends of India. Often identified as the 'Kalpa Vriksha' or the 'Tree of Wish Fulfillment', it is prized for its longevity and extensive medicinal properties. For centuries, the Banyan has served as a vital community hub; even today, village councils frequently gather under its expansive canopy. Its native status and profound cultural impact solidify its place as an iconic Indian symbol.

National Tree of India: Overview

Kingdom	Plantae
Division	Magnoliophyta
Class	Magnoliopsida
Order	Urticales
Family	Moraceae
Genus	Ficus
Species	Ficus benghalensis

National Tree of India: Indian Banyan (Ficus bengalensis)

National Tree of India: Importance

➤ In Hinduism, the Banyan tree is held in high regard and referred to as the “Ashwath Vriksha,” famously cited in the Bhagavad Gita as the manifestation of the divine among trees. It represents eternal life through its ever-expanding, resilient network of branches.

➤ The Banyan tree is also celebrated as the kalpavriksha, translating to the ‘wish-fulfilling divine tree.’

➤ The Banyan is featured in the Indonesian coat of arms, symbolizing the unity of a nation composed of many diverse roots and branches.

➤ Author Brian Aldiss, in his novel Hothouse, envisions a future Earth dominated by a colossal Banyan tree that spans half the globe, illustrating the species' unique ability to merge and propagate through adventitious roots.

➤ The Ta Prohm temple within the Angkor Wat complex is world-renowned for the ancient Banyan trees that have grown over and through its historic stone architecture.

➤ Mature Banyan trees are defined by their aerial prop roots, which descend to form thick, woody trunks that eventually become indistinguishable from the primary tree structure.

➤ Through these robust prop roots, older Banyan trees can expand laterally to cover significant ground.

➤ The largest specimen currently resides in Kolkata, India. Another famous example, planted in 1873 in Lahaina’s Courthouse Square, Hawaii, has grown to span over two-thirds of an acre.